BI 232Z Human Anatomy and Physiology 2

Lecture Hours: 3
Lab Hours: 3
Credits: 4

Examines the structure and function of the human body through a body systems approach. Explores anatomy and physiology of the central and peripheral nervous, endocrine, and cardiovascular systems at the relevant levels of biological organization (chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, and organ system). Covers special senses and the autonomic nervous system. This course includes a laboratory component.

Prerequisite: Placement into WR 115 (or higher), or completion of WR 090 (or higher); and completion of BI 231Z within the last seven years; or consent of instructor. All prerequisite courses must be completed with a grade of C or better.
Student Learning Outcomes:

Explain key homeostatic mechanisms and feedback loops in the nervous, endocrine, and cardiovascular systems.
Describe anatomical structures and their relationships to function in the nervous, endocrine, and cardiovascular systems.
Explain key processes of the nervous, endocrine, and cardiovascular systems.
Relate the relevant levels of biological organization to the functions of the nervous, endocrine, and cardiovascular systems.
Describe how the nervous, endocrine, and cardiovascular systems interact with other body systems.
Apply physiological and/or anatomical concepts of the nervous, endocrine, and cardiovascular systems to practical scenarios such as clinical, public health, and societal issues.
Identify major structures in the nervous, endocrine, and cardiovascular systems using lab materials.

Statewide General Education Outcomes

Gather, comprehend, and communicate scientific and technical information in order to explore ideas, models, and solutions and generate further questions.
Apply scientific and technical modes of inquiry, individually, and collaboratively, to critically evaluate existing or alternative explanations, solve problems, and make evidence-based decisions in an ethical manner.
Assess the strengths and weaknesses of scientific studies and critically examine the influence of scientific and technical knowledge on human society and the environment.

Content Outline

Central nervous system (CNS)
- cerebrospinal fluid flow, meninges, and ventricles
- brain landmarks & their function
  - hindbrain, midbrain, forebrain
  - medulla, pons, cerebellum, mesencephalon, diencephalon, cerebral cortex
- integrative functions of the brain- RAS, basal nuclei, limbic system
- cranial nerves: name, number, type, innervation, clinical significance
- brain injuries & stroke
- spinal cord
- structure - major tracts and decussation of each.
- major spinal nerves & plexi
- spinal damage & paralysis
- physiology of reflexes
Autonomic nervous system
- major structures and anatomy
- general properties and effects
- sympathetic and parasympathetic comparisons- fibers, neurotransmitters, receptors, enzyme degradation, divergence.
Senses
- sensory receptors-intero-, extero-, noci-, baro-, mechano-, photo-, chemo-
- structure and basic physiology for olfaction, taste, vision, hearing, balance.
- disorders of vision, equilibrium, hearing.
Endocrine System
- major hormones (source, target, action, type)
- hormone regulation with emphasis on the HP axis
- the stress response
- disorders with special emphasis on diabetes
Cardiovascular System
- Blood
  - purpose & components of blood
  - RBC regulation
  - blood types
  - hemostasis
  - disorders
- Heart
  - cardiac cycle & ECG
  - cardiac output
  - disorders
- Blood vessels
  - circulation routes
  - hemodynamics
  - BP regulation short-term
  - BP regulation long-term
    - specific physiology of the RAAS
  - disorders
Labs
- spinal cord
- brain dissection
- special senses
- endocrine system
- blood
- heart dissection
- ecg & cardiovascular physiology
- blood vessels