DEN 263 Dental Materials for Dental Hygiene

Lecture Hours: 2
Lab Hours: 6
Credits: 4

Examines on general properties, composition and manipulation of common dental materials and restorative materials. Expanded functions including denture relines and amalgam polishing are practiced.

Prerequisite: Current Oregon Tech Dental Hygiene student.
Student Learning Outcomes:

Apply principles of professional and ethical behavior when providing all hygiene services.
Educate the patient about dental procedures involving dental materials and the proper maintenance of restorations and oral prosthesis.
Provide a variety of high-quality therapeutic and preventive services involving selection and manipulation of appropriate dental materials within the dental hygiene scope of clinical practice.
Make appropriate clinical judgements in the selection and use of dental materials and their subsequent reaction in the oral environment
Educate patients on the materials selected and any subsequent changes needed in oral hygiene to maintain optimum oral health.
Collaborate both intra- and inter-professionally within the scope of dental hygiene practice involving the selection and manipulation of dental materials.
Understand physical, chemical and biologic properties of specific dental materials and relate these properties to the selection, manipulation and care of dental materials used within the dental hygiene scope of practice.
Recognize, select and apply dental materials used in preventive and therapeutic dental procedures to provide quality patient care.
Demonstrate current, acceptable aseptic and safety procedures in both laboratory and clinical settings when using a given material, instrument or equipment or providing preventive services.
Demonstrate clinical skill, knowledge, and the ability to complete clinical tasks within a designated time frame through clinical competency examinations and skill evaluations, completing at the level indicated on the Competency Timeline.

Content Outline

Oral Environment, Introduction to Physical/Mechanical Properties of Dental Materials
- Biocompatibility
- Biomechanics
- Force & stress 
  - Compressive force (strength)
  - Tensile force (strength)
  - Shearing force
  - Torsion or Torque
  - Stress
  - Strain
- Moisture & acidity oral cavity 
  - Solubility
  - Water sorption
  - Corrosion
  - Tarnish
- Galvanism
- Temperature
  - Dimensional change
  - Coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE)
  - Percolation
- Retention
  - Mechanical adhesion
  - Chemical adhesion
  - Wetting
- Microleakage
- Primary and secondary bond
- Resilience
- Toughness
- Ductility
- Malleability
- Edge strength
- Durability
Impression Materials and Trays
- Trays
  - Stock
    - Metal or plastic perforated
    - Rim lock
    - Quadrant, full arch, anterior, triple trays
    - Utility wax
    - Tray adhesive
  - Custom
    - Chemical-cured
    - Light-cured
    - Thermoplastic resins
  - Bite registration
- Elastic Impression Materials
  - Hydrocolloids
    - Reversible (thermal rxn)- agar
    - Irreversible (chemical) rxn- alginate*
  - Elastomers (highly accurate)
    - Polysulfides
    - Silicone rubber
      - Condensation
    - Addition- Polyvinyl siloxane*
    - Polyether*
    - Hybrid polyether/polyvinyl siloxane
      *commonly used today
- Inelastic Impression Materials
  - Zinc Oxide Eugenol
Gypsum Materials and Study/Working Models
- Gypsum materials
  - Plaster (white)
  - Dental stone (yellow)
  - Die Stone (pink, green, blue)
- Models
  - Study models- Diagnostic casts
  - Working models
- Pouring Study Models/Working models
- Trimming models
Fabrication of Guards/Trays and Prevention of Dental Trauma
- Fabrication of trays
  - Whitening trays
  - Sports guards
  - Fluoride trays
- Prevention of dental trauma
- Teeth whitening
  - Types of stain
  - Chemicals
  - In-office
  - Vital/Non-vital Bleaching
  - OTC whitening products
  - Sensitivity
  - Restorative considerations
Principles of Bonding and Adhesive Agents
- Characteristics of etch, prime and bonding systems
- Necessity of use
- Dentinal bonding vs. enamel bonding and strengths
- Removal of smear layer
- Demonstrate use
Isolation Techniques and Dental Dam
- HVE
- Cotton rolls
- Dental dam
- Matrix systems
- Alternative isolation techniques
  - Isolite
  - Isodry
Pulpal Considerations: Sealers, Liners, Bases and Cements
- Pulpal considerations
  - Direct pulp cap
  - Indirect pulp cap
- Desensitizer
- Use of sealers, liners, bases & cements in tandem 
- Oral environment considerations
- Consideration of dental material properties per specific use
- Technique & placement of: 
  - Calcium hydroxide
  - Microprime (G)
  - Varnishes
  - Glass Ionomer
  - Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA)
  - Zinc Oxide Eugenol
  - Zinc Phosphate
Periodontal Dressing & Suture Removal 
- Post periodontal surgery use
- Technique and placement
- Protect surgical area
- Remove dressing
- Remove sutures
Review Tooth Anatomy and Physiology
- Review tooth anatomy & physiology
- Review enamel, cementum, dentin & pulp
- Types of Dentin
  - Primary
  - Secondary
  - Tertiary
- Functions and definition of pulp dentin complex.
  - PDC components including cells, fibers, etc.
  - Primary functions
Prosthodontics
- Overview of procedures
- Fixed & Removable 
  - Crown & Bridge 
  - Full denture- acrylic
  - Removable partial denture- acrylic with metal framework
  - Flipper- acrylic, temporary partial
- Relining removable prosthodontics
  - Soft reline/tissue conditioner
- Provisional coverage (temporary crowns)
  - Stainless steel or chrome crowns
  - Preformed polycarbonate crowns
  - Bisacryl custom chairside made (by EFDA)
- Veneers 
  - Indirect
  - Direct
- Care of prosthodontics
Introduction to Endodontics
- Endodontic treatments
  - Root canal treatment
  - Files and reamers
  - Post and core
  - Dental materials
Tofflemire, Matrix Band and Wedge
- Purpose for use
- Armamentarium
  - Retainer
  - Standard matrix band
  - Wood wedges
  - Gregg instrument
- Placement and removal
Mercury Safety, Handling and Exposure
- Mercury safety and exposure
- Mercury safety & exposure
- Chronic & acute symptoms
- Treatment of Hg toxicity
- Proper disposal of amalgam
- Properties and handling of amalgam
Properties of Amalgam
- Characteristics of amalgam types
  - particle shapes
  - low & high copper
  - gamma 2 phase
  - Alloy components and their properties
- Proper trituration and characteristics of ideal amalgamation
- Benefits and disadvantages of amalgam restorations
- Carving fundamentals
  - Purpose
  - Sequence
  - Strategy
Polishing Amalgam
- Purposes
- Low copper vs. high copper amalgam
- Clinical indications/contraindications
  - Amalgam with poor margins
  - Amalgam with ideal margins
Finishing and Polishing Composite
- Composite finishing and polishing
- Purposes
- Techniques
Properties of Composite Restorations
- Composite restorations
- Components
  - ORGANIC resin matrix
  - INORGANIC filler particles
  - Coupling agent- Silane
  - Chemicals (accelerator)
  - Pigment some require longer curing time
- Properties
- Sectional matrix system: Composite ring & bean, wedge.
- Anterior composites
  - Mylar strip
Properties of Cavity Prep
- Review properties of cavity prep Walls
  - Gingival floor
  - Pulpal floor
  - Axial wall
  - Directional walls
  - Cavosurface margin
- Outline form, resistance form & Retention form 
- GV Black Classification
- Conventional prep
  - Amalgam
- Modified prep
  - Composite
Orthodontics: Resin Cements and Debonding
- Intro to orthodontic materials and treatment
- Debonding orthodontic resin