CH 223Z General Chemistry 3

1. Apply concepts of thermodynamics to explain the favorability of chemical reactions.
2. Apply the principles of spontaneity, entropy, free energy, and the laws of thermodynamics to predict and rationalize the behavior of chemical reactions.
3. Interpret the behavior and relative strengths of acids and bases, buffers, and the hydrolysis of salts.
4. Analyze and evaluate equilibrium reactions including solubility, acids and bases, and other equilibria.
5. Predict responses of various chemical systems to changing conditions using equilibrium calculations and Le Chatelier’s Principle.
6. Use redox reactions and electrochemical principles to determine cell potentials and to analyze the relationship between voltage, free energy, and equilibrium.
7. Identify or formulate and apply the appropriate equations related to electrochemistry, thermodynamics, equilibrium reactions, acids, bases, and buffers.

Statewide General Education Outcomes:

1. Gather, comprehend, and communicate scientific and technical information in order to explore ideas, models, and solutions and generate further questions.
2. Apply scientific and technical modes of inquiry, individually, and collaboratively, to critically evaluate existing or alternative explanations, solve problems, and make evidence-based decisions in an ethical manner.
3. Assess the strengths and weaknesses of scientific studies and critically examine the influence of scientific and technical knowledge on human society and the environment.

• Equilibrium: The Extent of Chemical Reactions
  • Dynamic nature of the equilibrium state
  • Reaction quotient, reaction direction and the equilibrium constant
  • Using the ICE Scheme to solve equilibrium problems
  • Effects of concentration, pressure and temperature changes on the position of equilibrium
• Acid-Base Equilibria
  • Acids/bases in water, the autoionization of water and the pH scale
  • Proton transfer, Bronsted-Lowry Theory and conjugate acids/bases
  • Solving weak acid-base equilibria problems
  • Molecular structure and acid strength
  • Hydrolysis of ions in aqueous salt solutions
  • Electron-Pair Transfer and Lewis Acid-Base Theory
• Ionic Equilibria in Aqueous Systems
  • Equilibria of acid-base buffer systems
  • Equilibria of slightly soluble ionic compounds
  • Equilibria of coordination compounds and complex ions
• Electrochemistry: Chemical Change and Electrical Work
  • Half-reactions and electrochemical cells
  • Voltaic cells: Using spontaneous reactions to generate electrical energy
  • Cell potential: Output of a voltaic cell
  • Concentration cells
  • Batteries, corrosion, and electrolytic cells: Cellular production of ATP
• Solid State
  • Chemical bonds
  • Networking materials and unit cells
  • Alloys
• Organic Compounds and the Atomic Properties of Carbon
  • The Special Nature of Carbon and the Characteristics of Organic Molecules
  • The Structures and Classes of Hydrocarbons
  • Some Important Classes of Organic Reactions
  • Properties and Reactivity of Common Functional Groups
  • The Monomer-Polymer Theme: Synthetic and Biological Macromolecules
• Laboratory Experiments
  • Determination of an equilibrium constant
  • Studying the factors that affect equilibria (Le Châtelier’s Principle)
  • Preparation and analysis of solutions
  • Identification of an unknown diprotic acid by electrochemical titration
  • Qualitative analysis of a solution
  • Building and analyzing voltaic cells (batteries)
  • Electrolytic cells and their importance in industrial processes
  • Properties and size of an organic molecule