CH 123 College Chemistry 3

Lecture Hours: 3
Lab Hours: 2
Credits: 5

Covers Acid Base interactions, equilibrium, electrochemistry, thermodynamics, organic compunds. Third of a three-term sequence.

Prerequisite: Placement into WR 115 (or higher), or completion of WR 090 (or higher); and completion of CH 122; or consent of instructor. (All prerequisite courses must be completed with a grade of C or better.)
Student Learning Outcomes:

Apply common organic nomenclature.
Describe organic reactions including functional groups.
Describe the difference between molecular and structural formulas of a compound.
Define structural isomer and, given the molecular formula of a compound, draw the structural formulas of its isomers.
Describe the difference between the alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes, give examples of compounds found in each class, compare the chemical reactivity of alkanes and alkenes, and draw the structural formula of a hydrocarbon when given its IUPAC name, and state its IUPAC name when given its structural formula.
Define geometric isomer, and give examples of the cis- and trans- structures of an alkene and a cyclic hydrocarbon.
Write the equations for the combustion, addition, and polymerization of alkanes and alkenes.
Write the equation for the substitution reaction of benzene with a halogen and an alkyl group.
Classify the organic compounds having oxygen-containing functional groups, and given the structural formula of an oxygen-containing molecule, state its IUPAC name.
State the difference between a primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohol describe two methods for preparing alcohols in the laboratory, and write the equations for the dehydration and oxidation reactions of an alcohol.
State the difference in structure between aldehydes and ketones, and the ease with which aldehydes and ketones can be oxidized.
Write the equations for the production of a carboxylic acid and an ester.
Define esterification, hydrolysis, and saponification, and give an example of each.
Classify organic compounds having nitrogen-containing functional groups, write the structural formula of an amine or amide when given its IUPAC name, and state the IUPAC name when given the structural formula for an amine or amide.
Write the equations for the reaction of an amine with water, with an acid, and with an alkyl halide.
Define heterocyclic ring.
Describe three uses of alkaloids in drug therapy.
Describe the types of stereoisomers.
Explain the interaction of plane-polarized light passing through chiral molecules and determine the maximum number of stereoisomers for a given chiral compound.
Write Fischer projection formulas.
Define diastereomer and meso compounds.
Define monosaccharide, disaccharide, and polysaccharide.
Given the structure of a monosaccharide, identify the compound as an aldose or ketose and draw the Fischer structure and Haworth structure of glucose.
Define reducing sugar and explain, in terms of their structure, why lactose and maltose are reducing sugars and sucrose is not.
Describe the difference in the structures of starch, glycogen, and cellulose and explain why we can digest starch but not cellulose.
State the difference between (a) a simple and compound lipid, (b) a simple and mixed triacylglycerol, (c) a saturated and unsaturated fatty acid, and (d) a saponifiable and nonsaponifiable lipid.
Draw the general structure of a triglyceride, and write the equations for its hydrolysis.
Describe the process by which butter becomes rancid.
Explain how soap functions to remove grease from your hands.
Draw the general structure and describe the function of the following compound lipids: (a) phosphoglycerides, (b) sphingolipids, and (c) glycolipids.
Give three examples of nonsaponifiable lipids.
Define zwitterion and isoelectric point and explain how an amino acid or protein can act as a buffer.
Describe the differences and the types of bonding found in the primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure of proteins, and state five methods for denaturing proteins.
Distinguish between the structural formulas for the purine and pyrimidine bases
Write the structural formula of a segment of a polynucleotide.
Site the contribution of Rosalind Franklin in the development of the double helix
Explain how DNA replicates, the process of transcription, and the two types of RNA involved with translation.
Explain the side-effects of Sickle-Cell anemia.

Additional General Education Outcomes

Gather, comprehend, and communicate scientific and technical information in order to explore ideas, models, and solutions and generate further questions.

Apply scientific and technical modes of inquiry, individually, and collaboratively, to critically evaluate existing or alternative explanations, solve problems, and make evidence-based decisions in an ethical manner.

Assess the strengths and weaknesses of scientific studies and critically examine the influence of scientific and technical knowledge on human society and the environment.

Content Outline

Lecture

Organic Chemistry-Saturated Hydrocarbons
- History and scope
- Classification
- Carbon hybridized bonds and saturation
- Molecular, condensed, structural and line formulas
- Nomenclature
- Cyclo compounds
Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
- Alkenes, alkynes and aromatics
- Bond formation
- Nomenclature
- Reactions of unsaturated hydrocarbons
- Sources, properties and reactions of aromatic hydrocarbons
Polymers
- Polymer types
- Polymer forming reactions
Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
- Functional groups
- Classification and nomenclature
- Reactions and preparation
- Structure and properties
- Test reagents
Aldehydes and Ketones
- Structure and bonding
- Nomenclature
- Preparation
- Reactions
- Test reagents
Carboxylic Acids and Esters
- Sources and nomenclature
- Physical properties and preparation
- Classification and reactions
Organic Nitrogen Compounds
- Nomenclature of amines and amides
- Physical and chemical properties of amines and amides
- Preparation of polymers
- Sources and uses of amides
- Alkaloids
Stereoisomerism
- Plane-polarized light
- Optical activity
- Projection formulas
- Enantiomers
- Racemic mixtures
- Diastereomers and meso compounds
- Resolution
Carbohydrates
- Classes of carbohydrates
- Photosynthesis
- Monosaccharaides
- Di and poly saccharides
- Preparation and reactions
- Tests for reducing sugars
Lipids
- Fatty acids
- Lipids containing fatty acids
- Reactions of triacylglycerols
- Tests for unsaturation
- Phospholipids
- Steroids
- Cellular membranes
Proteins
- Amino acids
- Properties of amino acids
- Essential amino acids
- Peptide bonds
- Protein structure
- Functions of proteins
- Denaturation of a protein
- Testing for amino acids and proteins
Nucleic Acids and Heredity
- Heredity links
- Bases and nucleosides
- Nucleotides
- Nucleic acids
- DNA replication
- RNA transcription
- Biosynthesis of proteins
- Genes and medicine
- The genetic code

Laboratory Outline and Objectives

Destructive distillation of carbon lab
- Coal and charcoal
- Coal tar contents
- Condensing gases
- Activated carbon absorption
- Coke production
- Effects of acids and bases on charcoal
Plastics and Polymers lab
- Addition and condensation types
- Effect of heat on stability
- Structure
- Preparation
Models of Organic Isomers lab
- Molecular models from formulas
- Structural isomer differences
- Naming
- Geometric bond angles
Fermentation of Sugar lab
- Properties
- Fermentation
- Purification by distillation
- Proof
Hydrocarbons lab
- Combustion
- Reaction with bromine
- Oxidation with KMnO₄
- Solubility tests
Chemistry of the Functional Group lab
- Identification of alkyl halides
- Addition of bromine to unsaturated hydrocarbons
- Identification of alcohols with the Lucas test
- Oxidation of alcohols with the Baeyer test
- Tollen’s and Benedict’s tests of aldehydes
- Formation of carbonyl precipitates with 2,4-DNP
- Acid-base tests
- Flame tests
Esterification-Distillation lab
- Formation of Esters
- Synthesis of Banana Oil
- Reflux synthesis
- High temperature distillation
Preparation of Aspirin lab
- Formation of aromatic esters
- Cold temperature preparation
- Filtration using Buchner suction funnel
- Recrystallization with solvent mixtures
- Identification through melting point determination
Models of Optical Isomers lab
- 3-D models of enantiomers
- Diastereomer formation
- Predicting the number of isomers
- Determining asymmetric centers
Carbohydrates lab
- Identification tests
- Digestion and absorption
- Alpha vs. beta D-glucose
- Osazone identification
- Chemical and physical dehydration
Making Soap lab
- Physical and chemical properties
- Preparation and comparisons of cake soap
- Lathering effects
Amino Acids & Proteins lab 
- Acid-base properties
- Isoelectric point
- Protein identification
- Denaturation
- Amino acids
- Chromatography

Required Textbook for college credit: Open Stax Chemistry 2e. ISBN 978-1-947172-62-3