BI 121 Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology 1

Lecture Hours: 3
Lab Hours: 3
Credits: 4

Survey of the human body in the first term of a two-term sequence. Focuses on anatomical terminology, basic chemistry, cells, tissues, and the following systems: integumentary, skeletal, muscular, and nervous. Includes lectures, labs, and dissections.

Prerequisite: Placement into, or completion of WR 115 (or higher); or consent of instructor. (Prerequisite courses must be completed with a grade of C or better.)
Student Learning Outcomes:

Apply correct anatomical and physiological concepts the functioning of the body.
Use scientific equipment to gather and analyze data on human physiology.
Understand how the body systems integrate for human health.
Communicate concepts related to the human body through written, verbal, or other modes, including graphing and data presentation.
Evaluate behaviors’ effects on health related to human physiology and anatomy.

Additional Statewide General Education Outcomes

Gather, comprehend, and communicate scientific and technical information in order to explore ideas, models, and solutions and generate further questions.
Apply scientific and technical modes of inquiry, individually, and collaboratively, to critically evaluate existing or alternative explanations, solve problems, and make evidence-based decisions in an ethical manner.
Assess the strengths and weaknesses of scientific studies and critically examine the influence of scientific and technical knowledge on human society and the environment.

Content Outline

Major Themes of the Body
- Homeostasis
- Organization (hierarchy) of the body
Cell Structure and Function
- Cell structure and function
- Cell membranes structure
- Cell transport mechanisms, especially osmosis
Cell Chemistry
- pH scale
- Major categories of organic molecules and their function(s) in the human body
- Basics of protein synthesis and enzyme function
- Hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties
Tissues
- Epithelial
- Connective
- Muscle
- Nervous
- How tissues integrate to make organs
Integumentary System
- Principle structures and layers of human skin
- Skin wounds, especially burns
- Functions of skin and skin’s role in homeostasis
- Skin repair mechanisms
- Explain common diseases of the skin
Skeletal System
- Describe the processes of bone formation, replacement, and repair
- Explain the homeostasis of body calcium
- Risks and prevention for osteoporosis
Articulations
- Differentiate between the types of joints found in the body
- Identify the types of joint movements found in common joints
- Explain common joint injuries and the factors affecting them
Muscular System
- Muscle fiber structure
- Physiology of muscle contraction
- Basic muscle metabolism regarding ATP paths
- Motor units and whole muscle regulation
- Describe diseases/disorders associated with the muscular system
Nervous System
- Structure and function of cell types found in the nervous system
- Nerve conduction physiology
- Neurotransmitters and the synapse
- Components of the CNS and PNS
- Reflex physiology
- Brain regional physiology
- Spinal cord regional physiology
- Explain brain and spinal cord injury physiology
- Explain disorders of the nervous system including at the synapse
Special Senses
- Sensors, pathways, and physiology of the special senses
- Differences between rods and cones, dynamic and static equilibrium
- How blindness, deafness, or balance problems can arise
Lab
- Basic body regional terminology
- Cell Transport
- Microscopy
- Histology
- Skin Anatomy
- Axial & Appendicular Skeleton 
- Joints
- Muscular System
- PNS
- CNS
- Special Senses