BI 122 Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology 2

Lecture Hours: 3
Lab Hours: 3
Credits: 4

Survey of the human body in the second term of a two-term sequence. Focuses on structure and function of the following systems: circulatory, lymphatic, immune, respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems. Provides topics on nutrition, pregnancy, and genetics. Includes lectures, labs, and dissections.

Prerequisite: Placement into, or completion of, WR 115 (or higher); and completion of BI 121; or consent of instructor. (Prerequisite courses must be completed with a grade of C or better.)
Student Learning Outcomes:

Apply correct anatomical and physiological concepts the functioning of the body.
Use scientific equipment to gather and analyze data on human physiology.
Understand how the body systems integrate for human health.
Communicate concepts related to the human body through written, verbal, or other modes, including graphing and data presentation.
Evaluate behaviors’ effects on health related to human physiology and anatomy.

Additional Statewide General Education Outcomes:

Gather, comprehend, and communicate scientific and technical information in order to explore ideas, models, and solutions and generate further questions.
Apply scientific and technical modes of inquiry, individually, and collaboratively, to critically evaluate existing or alternative explanations, solve problems, and make evidence-based decisions in an ethical manner.
Assess the strengths and weaknesses of scientific studies and critically examine the influence of scientific and technical knowledge on human society and the environment.

Content Outline

Circulatory System
- Blood and its components
- Homeostasis of RBC production and destruction
- Blood typing and clotting
- Heart anatomy and function
- Electrical activity of the heart
- Systemic and pulmonary circulation routes
- Blood pressure regulation
- Diseases and disorders of the circulatory systems, especially heart disease
Lymphatic System
- Role of lymphatic circulation in the body
- Components of the lymph system
- Homeostasis of lymph circulation
Immune System
- Body Barriers and non-specific defenses
- Role of histamine in immunity
- Purpose, activation, and effect of B-cell (humoral) immunity
- Purpose, activation, and effect of T-cell (cell-mediated) immunity
- Antigen-Antibody interactions
- Vaccines and memory cell function
- Diseases and disorders of the immune system
Respiratory System
- Pathway of air during respiration
- Inhalation and exhalation dynamics
- Exchange at the alveoli
- Factors affecting loading and unloading of hemoglobin
- Homeostasis of breathing rate and body oxygenation
- Diseases and disorders of the respiratory system, especially smoking-related illness
Digestive System
- Organs of the GI tract and their functions
- Role of accessory digestive organs
- Digestive enzymes and hormones
- Regulation and homeostasis of digestive secretion and activity
- Explain common digestive disorders
Nutrition and Metabolism
- Explain the essential nutrients and how used by the body
- Vitamins, minerals, and cholesterols
- Basics of cellular metabolism and cellular respiration
Urinary System
- Major functions of the nephron
- Urine formation and urine abnormalities
- Hormones and behaviors affecting urine formation
- Disorders of the urinary system
Water and Acid-Base Balance
- Causes, effects, and compensations for dehydration and overhydration
- Causes, effects, and compensations for acidosis and alkalosis
Endocrine System
- Name, source, target, and action of the major hormones
- Effect of hyper- and hypo-secretion of the hormones
- Homeostasis of the hypothalamus-pituitary axis
- Disorders of the endocrine system
Reproductive System
- Structure and function of male and female reproductive organs
- Basic gametogenesis
- Hormonal regulation of reproduction and the menstrual cycle
Development and Pregnancy
- Contraception
- Timeline and functions of fertilization, cleavage, and gastrulation
- Organogenesis and teratogens
- Major hormones of pregnancy and their functions
- Maternal and fetal changes during pregnancy and birth
- Lactation
Genetics
- Basics of mitosis and meiosis
- Autosomal and sex-linked genetic traits
- Chromosomal inheritance and disorders
Lab
- Blood
- Heart and EKG
- Blood vessels
- Lymph organs
- Immunity and disease
- Respiratory system
- Digestive system
- Nutrition and metabolism
- Urinary system and urinalysis
- Endocrine system
- Male and Female reproductive systems
- Pregnancy and embryonic development
- Genetics